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Best Practices

Characteristics of Strong Recommendation Letters

• Letters should be 1–2 pages and single-spaced in length (unless there are contrary instructions from the organization requesting the letter).
• Provide the context for your relationship with the candidate and the length of time you have known them.
• Situate the candidate's performance in the larger context of your experience.
• Address the student's academic performance or extracurricular engagements in detail and with specific examples if possible. A recommendation that demonstrates a personal knowledge of the candidate beyond the grade they may have received in your class delivers a strong and lasting impression. Try, therefore, not to rely solely on a summary of a candidate's performance in a class or a cursory review of their transcript and/or resume.
• Some scholarships (like the Truman) will ask you to address a very specific quality in a candidate (like leadership, for example). The candidate should be clear about what you are being asked to address and your letter should clearly and specifically address that quality.
• Be specific about why the student is a strong candidate for a specific fellowship.
• Avoid hyperbole as well as overly negative language. The foundations that grant these awards are looking for realistic, substantive evaluations of candidates rather than overly positive, unsupported statements.
• Contextualize ÈËÆÞÓÕ»ó's and the students grades in your letter. The registrar includes a Grades at ÈËÆÞÓÕ»ó letter with official transcripts, but those letters aren't always seen. You can find historical ÈËÆÞÓÕ»ó GPA averages on the CLBR website (it's behind a ÈËÆÞÓÕ»ó log-in).

Characteristics of Weak Recommendation Letters

• Too short, vague, unsupported points.
• Generic letter or letters that were obviously written for other purposes (grad school admission, for example).
• Letters that merely summarize a candidate's resume or transcript.
• Letters that merely describe classes taken or activities rather than the work the candidate did within those contexts.
• Letters that evaluate the candidate negatively, or even as merely average.

Avoiding Bias

Review these resources on avoiding forms of bias in your letters. Have a resource you think should be added here? Let us know at clbrfellowships@reed.edu.

Gender Bias

Racial Bias

•  from People of Color in Higher Education with a link to this

When to Decline to Write a Recommendation Letter

You should not write a letter of recommendation for a student or alum if

• you are not strongly and positively supportive of the candidate;
• you do not feel that you know the candidate well enough or cannot remember enough about them to provide a substantive, detailed letter;
• you do not feel that you are the right person to recommend them for the opportunity;
• you do not have the time to write one.*

*Recommendation letters that come in after the deadline for national fellowships will never be considered as a part of the candidate's application by the foundation, and will therefore greatly disadvantage the candidate.

Additional Resources

• . This online book addresses detail, content, style, sample letters, and guidance specifically for nationally competitive awards.